Could an HCI Specialist have prevented the 2000 Election Problems?

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Could an HCI Specialist have prevented the 2000 Election Problems?

Affordance – perceived properties of an artifact
Visibility – make apparent to users the actions they are allowed to take
Constraints – factors that encourage proper actions and prevent erroneous ones
Feedback – provides information about the effects of users’ actions
Prototype Testing

The Florida butterfly ballot. The left side has the republican, democratic, libertarian, green, socialist worker and natural law parties, while the right side has reform socialist, constitution, workers world and write in candidate. Down the center are the holes to be punched by the voter. The holes to be punched alternate so hole 1 is top left (republican) hole 2 goes to top right (reform), hole 3 goes to 2nd left (democrat) etc.

Palm Beach County Poll Butterfly Ballot